Most of the world's glaciers are found near the Poles, but glaciers exist on all of the world's continents, even Africa. Australia doesn't have any glaciers; however, it is considered part of Oceania, which includes several Pacific island chains and the large islands of Papua New Guinea and New Zealand. Both of these islands have glaciers.
Glaciers require very specific climatic conditions. Most are found in regions of high snowfall in winter and cool temperatures in summer. These conditions ensure that the snow that accumulates in the winter isn't lost (by melt, evaporation, or calving) during the summer. Such conditions typically prevail in polar and high alpine regions. There are two main types of glaciers: valley glaciers and continental glaciers (known as ice sheets).
The amount of precipitation (whether in the form of snowfall, freezing rain, avalanches, or wind-drifted snow) is important to glacier survival. In areas such as Antarctica, where the low temperatures are ideal for glacier growth, very low annual precipitation causes the glaciers to grow very slowly.
A glacier forms when snow accumulates over time, turns to ice, and begins to flow outwards and downwards under the pressure of its own weight.
In polar and high-altitude alpine regions, glaciers generally accumulate more snow in the winter than they lose in the summer from melting, ablation, or calving. If the accumulated snow survives one melt season, it is considered to be firn. The snow and firn are compressed by the overlying snow, and the buried layers slowly grow together to form a thickened mass of ice.
The pressure created from the overlying snow compacts the underlying layers, and the snow grains become larger ice crystals randomly oriented in connected air spaces. These ice crystals can eventually grow to become several centimeters in diameter.
As compression continues and the ice crystals grow, the air spaces in the layers decrease, becoming small and isolated. This dense glacial ice usually looks somewhat blue.
Margerie Glacier
Mendenhall glacier
Margerie Glacier
Lamplugh Glacier
Aerial view of Mendenhall glacier
Waterfall near Mendenhall Glacier
Glacial stream
Lamplugh Glacier
Johns Hopkins Glacier
Aerial view of Mendenhall glacier
Glacier in the Pico Humboldt (Venezuelan andean mountains)
Icebergs are breaking off glaciers at Cape York,Greenland. The picture was taken from a helicopter.
Mouth of the glacier Schlatenkees (near de:Innergschlöß and de:Alte Prager Hütte), Austria
Grosser Aletschgletscher (Bernese Alps), view from Eggishorn (2.927 m), in the background Jungfrau (4.158 m), Jungfraujoch (3.454 m), Mönch (4.099 m), Trugberg and Eiger (3.970 m)
Aerial View of the Baltoro Glacier towards Concordia with Gasherbrum IV, Gasherbrum I,Baltoro Kangri and Chogolisa
The Upper Grindelwald Glacier and the Schreckhorn, in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland.
Ice cracks in the Titlis glacier
Perito Moreno Glacier, Patagonia, Argentina.
Glacier above summer and skiresort Saas Fee, in Switzerland Picture taken in August 2006
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